O estudo das funções auditivas centrais por meio do Mismatch Negativity em crianças com transtorno fonológico

Abstract

Auditory discrimination represents a fundamental aspect for the correct production of speech sounds, as it is through the perception of acoustic characteristics that phonemes can be distinguished from each other, generating appropriate neural representations. Children with phonological disorders present disorganization of the sound system, with the presence of replacement and/or omission of phonemes, in an age range that is no longer expected. The etiology of this disorder is still unclear, however, the inability to auditory discriminate the characteristics of phonemes may be a causal or aggravating factor of this condition. Given the relationship between auditory skills and phonological disorders, the investigation of auditory processing in these children becomes extremely valuable. In the search for a greater understanding of this theme, a systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out, with the aim of knowing the studies that evaluated auditory discrimination at the cortical level, using the Mismatch Negativity, in children with phonological disorders, in addition to having an overview of the protocols used in these studies. Some researchers found in literature that used this potential in the studied population and no studies were found that related the verbal stimulus used for auditory discrimination with the phonological processes that children with that alteration present in their speech. Knowing that, the investigation of auditory processing is essential for these children, since new discoveries can reorganize the intervention model for this population, and given the lack of studies found in the systematic review carried out, it was proposed to evaluate auditory discrimination of children with phonological disorder through the auditory electrophysiological potential Mismatch Negativity. The research aimed to investigate whether children with phonological disorders have auditory processing disorders and whether Mismatch Negativity is a tool capable of differentiating them from children with typical language development. The study concluded that children with phonological disorders have different cortical auditory processing than children with typical development and that the Mismatch Negativity is an effective tool for the early identification of auditory processing deficits in children with phonological disorders. Furthermore, from the perspective of early assessment of the phonological disorder, an application called “Falamétrica” was proposed, with the aim of carrying out a screening of speech impairment to be used by speech therapists