Identificação de flavonoides por cromatografia em camada delgada de alta performance (CCDAP): uma revisão de literatura.

Abstract

Flavonoids are polyphenols of mixed biosynthetic origin, they are biosynthesized from the phenylpropanoids and shikimic acid pathway. They are one of the most important and diversified phenolic groups among products of plant origin. Rutin was one of the first to be isolated in the mid-1930s. At that time it was believed that it was a new vitamin, however it was a new substance, a flavonoid. Due to the pharmaceutical importance that flavonoids demonstrate in the preparation of medicines, for example, being used for the treatment of circulatory diseases such as hypertension, because some can act as a cofactor of vitamin C. Several methods have been designed for the analysis of flavonoids in matrices, of which High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) appears to have the most prominence. And the reason for this highlight lies among its advantages, such as good sample yield and low cost per analysis, in addition to the simultaneous analysis and separation of more than one sample. Therefore, considering the importance of flavonoids and the advantages of HPTLC as a method to analyse them. This study aimed to compile information on sample treatment and flavonoid analysis protocols using the aforementioned technique. After identification and selection of studies according to pre-established criteria (inclusion and exclusion), the following were included in this study: articles that used only extracts and/or fractions of plant origin; methods for cleaning the sample; works that used HPTLC for analysis of fractions and/or extracts and/or phases. Which resulted in a total of 50 articles included. The organization of the data was carried out in a table in Word®, which could be analysed. The table was divided into columns filled with the following data: Type of samples, standards of flavonoids used, extraction method + clean-up, stationary phases, mobile phases, development methods and the reference. As a result, the table revealed certain recurrences in the use of flavonoid standards, mobile and stationary phases, developers and even clean-up methods employed in high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) in the analysis of flavonoids in matrices of vegetable origin. These results were presented through individual tables for each element observed in the present study. In these tables, the analysed elements were listed, the number of studies in which they appear, the proportion of constituents and the classification, according to the particularities of each element. In this way, it is possible to identify the elements with the greatest recurrence, establish the possible criteria used to choose each of these elements and, when necessary/possible, suggest alternatives that are less expensive and/or easier to obtain.