Infecção por enteroparasitos em pacientes HIV/AIDS de um hospital de referência em Maceió, Alagoas: um estudo de caso-controle

Abstract

Opportunistic enteroparasite infections are common in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) resulting from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Therefore, the objective of this work was to collect epidemiological data based on the demo-socio-economic-sanitary profile of patients hospitalized with this condition in a reference hospital in the city of Maceió-AL, state of Alagoas. To this end, an epidemiological inquiry was developed for patients who voluntarily agreed to participate in the research, fecal material was collected for analysis and an epidemiological questionnaire was applied. The samples were analyzed by coproparasitological diagnostic techniques such as Lutz-HPJ: spontaneous sedimentation, Baermann-Moraes and Centrifugal-sedimentation and staining with methylene blue/safranin. Of the 44 patients eligible for the survey, 29.54% (13/44) tested positive for the presence of parasites, among those parasitized 53.84% (7/13) of these were protozoa and 46.16% (6/44) helminths. Protozoa of the species Entamoeba histolytica (6.81%; 3/44); Endolimax nana (4.55%; 2/44); Cystoisospora belli (2.27%; 1/44); Giardia duodenalis (2.27%; 1/44) and the helminths of the family Ancylostomatidae (4.55%; 2/44), Schistosoma mansoni (2.27%; 1/44) and Strongyloides stercoralis (6.81%; 1/44); 3/44). A case-control study was carried out following the recommendations of the STROBE tool for observational studies. Infection and demo-socio-economic-sanitary data underwent statistical treatment with the ChiSquare or Fisher's Exact tests, to identify the independent variables to be submitted to conditional logistic regression analysis. It was not possible to determine, for the population studied, risk factors for infections by enteroparasites. It is concluded that the study was able to identify parasitic infections that are determinant for the worsening of the health status of AIDS patients. And even without identifying risk factors in the population studied, it is important to promote sanitary measures to prevent enteroparasitoses, such as drinking treated water, cleaning raw foods (fruits and vegetables) and good hygiene habits before meals. meals and after using the bathroom. In addition to the establishment and maintenance of continuous and uninterrupted antiretroviral treatment in individuals living in the AIDS stage of HIV infection.