Análise temporal do potencial de degradação ambiental do solo no estado de Sergipe

Abstract

The assessment of the potential for environmental degradation of the soil is a study of fundamental importance in helping to conserve the soil and the environment, as well as helping in the preparation of management plans for degraded areas and Conservation Units, as well as in territorial planning in urban and rural areas. Conducting field studies to assess the potential for soil degradation is expensive and time-consuming, which means that mathematical models has been adopted by many researchers and specialists on the subject. The present work has as general objective to compare the situation of the potential of environmental degradation of the soil, of the year 2000 with that of the year 2019, in the state of Sergipe, by the fuzzy logic in an environment of the Geographic Information System. The proposed model explores cause-andeffect relationships of the fundamental principle of specific relationships between variables that influence the elevation of the potential for environmental degradation of the soil from equations of pertinence and from the Operator Fuzzy Gamma to treat data related to: geology, geomorphology, slope, hypsometry, pedology, ease, erodibility, vegetation index and land use and occupation. It was observed that the factors that contribute to the increase in the potential for degradation were geology, geomorphology, pedology and precipitation. Regarding the change in the potential for environmental degradation of the soil, it was possible to observe that between the years 2000 and 2019, 17.66% of the area changed to a higher class of potential, 13.87% to a smaller class and 68.48% there was no change of class. However, the area where there was no change had a very high potential in the two years evaluated. The final product of the model indicates the regions that bring together more or less factors to promote processes that contribute to the increase in the potential for environmental degradation of the soil and, therefore, referring to the input data used, being, therefore, a valuable tool for decision making. in the preparation of prevention and control plans and programs.