A promoção da saúde na formação de profissionais de enfermagem em uma instituição de ensino superior: perfil e competências fundamentais

Abstract

With the aim of describing the characteristics of professional nurse training according to the Pedagogical Project of a higher education institution in the public administrative sphere in the state of Pernambuco and analyzing the profile of training and fundamental skills for health promotion that can affect the practice and health care for the population. This is a case study, with a quantitative approach, where professors, students and the political pedagogical project of the Nursing course were researched. We address the National Policy and the definition of Health Promotion and the curricular competences for health promotion worked on in the training of professional nurses. Therefore, we performed a search in data platforms, carefully reviewing and selecting studies to better support our study; we analyzed the competences for health promotion in nursing education in the context of the course; in the pedagogical project of the course, we identified the profile of professional training, the desired skills and abilities and the corresponding domain of competence for health promotion; we identified in the curricular matrix the subjects offered on or that mention the themes of public, collective health and health promotion and what students and teachers say about the teaching of health promotion. It is concluded that the findings reveal that the course's pedagogical project, curricular matrix and subject plans do not present differentiated pedagogical strategies that facilitate the development of competences for health promotion. And that there are no strategies in the curriculum under analysis that can insert students into the reality of services and the community from the initial periods and a curriculum integration between theory and practice and between the basic cycle and the professional cycle. According to the professors and students, the teaching of health promotion in nursing education in the course setting of this study, it is recommended to create and strengthen appropriate pedagogical strategies for health promotion in the local setting, favoring the integration of theory and practice and the integration of teaching- service-community, and proximity to social contexts and their determinants of health and disease. Although the study is of a particular reality, it allows revealing a set of situations and realities in the process of training nurses' skills, with the possibility of bringing scenarios closer to other realities. The need to analyze how health promotion is addressed in the curricular proposals for nursing courses at higher education institutions is highlighted. As a part product, a Podcast was produced with the theme: Health Promotion in the training of nurses in PODCAST. With the objective of helping professors and managers of undergraduate nursing courses to reflect on the importance of health promotion in professional nursing education and as a simplified guideline on how to work on the main competencies in health promotion in this proces of professional education. Podcast appears as a very effective alternative technological tool to be used in the transmission of information and effectively assist in the learning process. For the production of a podcast as a resource for the dissemination of the product produced, initially, a study guide was drawn up on skills in health promotion, with three guiding axes of discussion, which gave rise to three chapters, available free of charge in a streaming platform, namely: 1) Standardizing professional skills in health promotion; 2) Ethical values and basic knowledge that guide competences for health promotion and 3) The domains of competences for health promotion. This product is a way to publicize a theoretical reflection on the development of skills in health promotion. As this is a theoretical construct, the result of a bibliographic search, however, it can serve as the beginning of a deepening and discussion of competences in health promotion.