Potencial fotoprotetor, antioxidante e antiglicante de extratos etanólicos obtidos a partir de fibras de cascas de coco (Cocos nucifera L. (Palmae)) e de cascas e frutos de pimenta rosa (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae))

Abstract

Exposure to excessive solar radiation can cause pronounced effects on the skin, induce premature aging and cancer development. The use of photoprotectors is one of the main effective alternatives against the damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Plant extracts were employed in protected formulations due to their absorption capacity in adequate UV wavelengths, antioxidant and photoprotective action. The species Cocos nucifera L. and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (popularly known as pink pepper) are rich in phenolic compounds that exert such action. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the ethanolic extracts of the yellow dwarf coconut husk fibers and the peel and fruits of pink pepper, as the total phenol content, antioxidant and antiglycation capacities, photoprotective potential, cell viability and chemical composition. For this, the extracts were evaluated for total phenol content (CTF), antioxidant capacity by DPPH ● and (FRAP) assays, antiglycation capacity by Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)-Glucose / Fructose, BSA-Methylglyoxal (MG) and Collagen-Glucose / Fructose assays, photoprotective potential, by evaluation of Sunscreen Factor Evaluation (SPF). cell viability evaluation of J774 macrophages and HTR-8SV / neo cells, and the identification of organic compounds, the last one by High Performance Liquid Chromatography - HPLC), of the ethanolic extracts of husk fiber of coconut yellow dwarf (EEAA), peel and fruit of the pink pepper (ECPR and EFPR), were also performed. In addition, the development of photoprotective formulations containing extracts incorporated into Lanette base cream (5-20% m/m) of coconut fiber extract and (5-10% m /m) of pink pepper extracts, were evaluated for photoprotective potential (SPF), photostability study (by UV-VIS and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy techniques) and normal stability test (TEN) against organoleptic parameters (appearance, color and odor), physicochemical pH and functional characteristics (SPF value). Formulations containing commercial benzophenone-3 filter and ethanolic extract at concentrations (4: 1) and (1: 1) for each combination were also prepared and evaluated for SPF value. The total phenol content ranged from 452.56 - 673 mg EAG g-1 dry extract. Antioxidant capacity ranged from 24.1 - 78.4% for the ability to scavenger DPPH● radical and between 3287 - 3484 μmol ET / g of dry extract, especially coconut and peel pepper extract. Antiglycation capacity of EEAA was significant in all the assays used. Regarding the photoprotective potential, EEAA and ECPR extracts stood out with SPF value> 6 at concentrations of 0,2–15 mg mL-1. The extracts did not decrease cell viability and did not exert cytotoxic effect. Through HPLC analyzes, it was possible to identify phenolic compounds, such as quercetin, catechin, epicatechin, caffeic and vanillic acids for EEAA, and gallic and coumaric acids, catechin, epicatechin and resveratrol for ECPR and EFPR. The formulations exhibited SPF values > 6 similar to the ones for benzophenone-3 and quercetin standards. The formulations with commercial filter and associated extracts (1: 1) promoted intensification in SPF values. The extracts and formulations were photostable over a period of two hours. In the normal stability test, the formulations were stable in relation to the parameters analyzed for a period of 90 days. The results suggest that the studied extracts can be considered as active ingredients in the preparation of cosmetic/pharmaceutical formulations, with a biotechnological potential.