Avaliação da radiação solar em ecossistema de manguezal tropical em Alagoas, Brasil

Abstract

The mangroves forests have a high social, economical and environmental importance because they are consists of a rich faun and flora. Brazil has one of the biggest mangrove areas in the world which expands from its North to the South coast. Actually, one of the main environmental issues is the deforesting, such as, the mangrove conversion into degraded area, exchanging the net radiation. The mangrove transformation in degraded area influences directly the regional microclimate for the soil is exposed to direct solar radiation altering the net radiation. Solar radiation is all electromagnetic radiation coming from the Sun, reaching the earth. Therefore, the knowledge above the Solar Global Radiation behavior, and its components (Direct (RD) and Diffuse (Rd)), within and outside forests, is essential to understand of the various processes in this system. The study has been carried out with data of originally from two experimental sites, with different vegetal cover (natural and degraded mangrove), located in Marechal Deodoro city (Alagoas), inside an environmental protection area (APA) called Santa Rita, which coordinates are between 9º37 30 - 9º47 30 S and 35º45 00 - 35º55 00 W, ranging from October 2004 to September 2005, where has been installed, in which one of this sites, an equipments set to measure the necessaries variability. The result shows high oscillation between dry and wet season in concerning the maximum Rg, influencing its components, too. From the inside, we can observe the dependence that the solar rays penetration have due to the zenith angle and 80% of attenuation. The analyses of these data in allowed them to generate mathematical models with R2, varying between 0,8 and 0,97, becoming possible the estimate of the amount of radiation that reaches the interior of this ecosystem.