Monitoramento e avaliação dos parâmetros físicos da água das nascentes nas áreas de caatinga no município Olho d’Água do Casado – Alagoas - Brasil

Abstract

Water quality is defined by its physical, physical and biological characteristics, which reflect the natural conditions of the environment. These characteristics are necessary to acquire knowledge in relation to the anthropic impacts received on the physical bodies and if necessary to carry out the control measures of the area. The work aims to monitor and evaluate the physical parameters (turbidity, electrical conductivity, temperature and total dissolved solids) and chemical (pH) of spring water in the municipality of Olho d'Água do Casado, Alagoas, from collections, compare and statistically analyzed the data acquired in the field regarding the physical-chemical parameters of the springs in the study area based on the legislation for drinking water for human consumption. The data collected were: Hydrogenionic Potential (pH), Electrical Conductivity (μS / cm), Total Dissolved Solids (mg / L), Temperature (° C) and Turbidity (NTU), as collections started in October 2019 and ended in December 2019, thus closing the quarter corresponding to the dry period in the region, using a Hanna multi-parameter probe and a Del Lab brand portable turbidimeter. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to simplify and relate the data collected. The results show that 69% of the rural areas were acquired outside the limits defined by the Ministry of Health and 53% of the urban areas are also outside the established. PCA correlated positively as electrical conductivity and total dissolved variables, and negatively correlated with variable pH. As for the owners, the ACP correlated positively as NU1 and NR1 springs and negatively correlated with NU2 and NU3 springs. The springs NR1 and NU1 are sharing high values for the variables electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids and low values for the pH variable, with the springs being more inadequate according to the limits established by the Ministry of Health. The springs NU2 and NU3 are sharing high values for the pH variable and low values for the electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids variables, the springs being more appropriate according to the limits established by the Ministry of Health. It is concluded that the parameter that apparently is the most affected by the anthropic action is the pH, since the creation of animals in the surroundings of the rural springs is an indication of the acidity of the water, due to the organic matter. And that the electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids are strongly correlated due to the high levels of salts in the region. However, it is necessary to carry out continuous monitoring for a complete characterization of the springs.