Avaliação tecnológica na seleção de clones de Eucalyptus para indústria celulósica

Abstract

The cellulosic industries that use Eucalyptus wood as raw material, seek in addition to highly productive wood forests, genetic materials superior in yield and quality, with increases in production per planted area and maximum efficiency in obtaining the product. Therefore, the objective of this work was to select the best Eucalyptus clones for the cellulosic industry according to their technological and dendrometric characteristics through correlations and multivariate statistical techniques. The clones used in this work were implanted in the Vale of Rio Doce region in Minas Gerais. Were collected 13 commercial Eucalyptus spp. clones and five trees each were collected. The characteristics determined were basic density, lignin content, extractive content. As pulping variable, the effective alkali and purified yield in unbleached pulp were evaluated. The data were obtained by a company in the pulp and papr industry asnd assigned for futher analysis. Initially, the specific consumption of wood for pulp production was calculated, then the clones were evaluated by means of analysis of variance and tests of means at 5% probability by the Tukey test. Significant linear correlations were found for the technological and dendrometric variables assessed using Pearson's correlation. From the basic density, effective alkali and purified yield, the clones were grouped using multivariate analysis. The wood properties showed values compatible with the literature for Eucalyptus spp. clones destined for pulp production. The variation of the effective alkali load significantly affected the purified yield, which also suffered a negative correlation with the lignin and extractive variables. With the Cluster analysis, four groups were formed (group 1 with clone B, E, H, J K group 2 with clones A and F and the three group with materials: C, D, G, I, L and M). The clones of Eucalyptus grandis (B and E), Eucalyptus urophylla (H) and hybrids of E. grandis x E. urophylla (J and K) formed in group 1 presented themselves as the Best genetic materials for production of cellulose and paper due to its technologicalcharacteristics and high purified yield.