Atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante e citotóxica de extrato etanólico e suas frações de Encholirium spectabile Mart. ex Shult. & Shult. f. (Macambira da flecha)

Abstract

Encholirium spectabile (Macambira da flecha) is a plant species mainly used by communities of scarce socioeconomic resources in the Brazilian Caatinga as a nutritional, food source and for the treatment of diseases. The objective of this research was to determine the antimicrobial, healing and cytotoxic potential of ethanolic extracts from the leaf, thorn, bark and root and their fractions, of the E. spectabile plant species. The plant was collected in the municipality of Olho D'água do Casado, in Alagoas. Leaves, thorns, bark and roots were cut, separated and subjected to the cold maceration method to produce ethanol extracts. Subsequently, fractionation and phytochemical analysis of the obtained extracts were carried out. Once the fractions were obtained, the Broth Microdilution test was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella flexneri were tested. From the results, fractions with the best inhibitory concentrations were chosen and biological tests in vitro and in vivo were performed to determine the biological potential of this species. The identification of the antioxidant potential was carried out using the free radical scavenging method and the evaluation of the antioxidant potential was carried out by means of the acute toxicity test of Artemia salina sp. The broth microdilution test demonstrated high and moderate inhibitory activity against Gram positive strains for the FA fractions 31μg / mL and FH 125 μg/mL. The FA fractions 250 μg/mL and FM 500 μg/mL, with moderate and low antimicrobial activity, respectively. Phytochemical analyzes showed the presence of two main metabolic families: phenolic and terpenoid compounds. The free radical scavenging method showed percentages greater than 80% when testing FH in concentrations from 30 μg/mL, 40 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL and percentages greater than 80% and very close to 90% when tested on FA in concentrations of 20 μg/mL, 30μg / mL, 40μg / mL and 50 μg/mL. In the acute toxicity test, of A. salina using FA, FM, FH and FA in the concentrations of 2000 μg/mL, 1000 μ /mL, 500 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL it was proved that the samples were not toxic.