Complicações clínico-obstétricas diagnosticadas em gestantes adolescentes

Abstract

Pregnancy in adolescence is considered a public health problem, since this phase of women's development associated with pregnancy can enable the occurrence of psychosocial and economic difficulties. Therefore, maternal age is considered a gestational risk factor. Thus, this research aims to analyze the clinical-obstetric complications of pregnant adolescents hospitalized in high-risk maternity hospital from 2017 to 2018. It is a descriptive, quantitative, documentary study by means of research in medical records. We studied 150 teenage pregnant women aged 10 to 19 years. The research found that 75% were in the 15 to 19 year-old range. As for schooling, the incomplete primary level was outstanding with 67% of the adolescents. Regarding the obstetric profile, the majority were primigravida (80.67%), and 8% had already suffered an abortion. Regarding complications, the hypertensive syndromes were highlighted, which were responsible for 17.33% of the referrals to high risk maternity. When searching by age group, it was noticed that from 10 to 14 years old there was a predominance of premature labor in 15% of the cases, and in the range of 15 to 19 years old, the hypertensive syndromes in 32.50% of the cases. Regarding the type of delivery, the survey pointed to an equivalence, with 50% of the deliveries being cesarean sections and 50% vaginal. In relation to the age groups, it was found that those from 10 to 14 years had more vaginal deliveries (55.56%) and those from 15 to 19 years had more cesarean sections (51.43%). Regarding Robson's classification, a system of groups recommended by the WHO, most were in groups 1 and 10. Those in group 1 had more vaginal deliveries (81.08%) and those in group 10 had more cesarean sections in more than 80% of the medical records observed. The outcome of the fetus was also observed, so 95% were live births and 3% were abortions. It was observed that hypertensive syndromes predominated, and that low maternal age of adolescents alone is not considered a risk factor for hypertensive syndromes. However, this complication is among the major causes of maternal mortality. Thus, it is perceived that the variables involved in teen pregnancy should be intensively studied in order to better understand the relationship of these phenomena.