Atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória dos extratos aquoso e etanólico brutos de Cereus jamacaru DC (Mandacaru)

Abstract

The family of Cactaceae is abundant in the Northeast region and the species Cereus jamacaru (popularly known as mandacaru) is one of the most important. Ethnobotanical studies have numerous medicinal benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, antiemetic, anticonstipant, antihypertensive and diuretic activities. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of crude aqueous extracts (EABCJ) and ethanolic (EEBCJ) of C. jamacaru. The extracts were prepared from the species collected in Cachoeirinha-PE. Cell viability assay was performed by the MTT method and then the in vivo tests were initiated by the acute toxicity test. Swiss mice (n = 6), adults, of both sexes, with 25-35 g, were obtained from the UFAL Central Animal Hospital, under approval by the Committee on Ethics in the Use of Animals (27/2018). In the cell viability assay, EEBCJ, EABCJ and EEBCJ-L did not reduce cell viability except for the 100 μg / mL EEBCJ-L concentration. In the acute toxicity test the dose of 2000mg / kg was used and no signs of toxicity of the EEBCJ and EABCJ were observed when administered orally. To evaluate antinociceptive activity, the extracts were used at the doses of 100, 150 and 300 mg / kg in the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test and in the other trials 150 mg / kg; nociception induced by formalin or glutamate and hot plate. The anti-inflammatory evaluation was analyzed by the zymosan-induced peritonitis trials (doses 100, 150 and 300 mg / kg) and Freund's complete adjuvant experimental arthritis syndrome induction assay in addition to the spin-bar test to rule out a possible effect of alteration of the motor performance of the animals. The results showed the presence of anthraquinones, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids for EEBCJ and EABCJ, and saponins only in EEBCJ. that the doses used did not induce signs of toxicity in vitro or in vivo. Treatment with EEBCJ or EABCJ inhibited the nociceptive-induced contortions of acetic acid at the doses of 100 (36.87%) and 150 mg / kg (57%) of the EEBCJ; 150 (53.39%) and 300 mg / kg (45%) of EABCJ. In the formalin-induced nociception test, the EEBCJ and EABCJ inhibited 41.92% and 43.01% respectively in phase I and 32.67% and 46.24% in phase II. In the glutamate assay, an inhibition of 60.43% (EABCJ) and 47.21% (EEBCJ) was observed. In the hot plate, changes in the latency time of the animals were observed at 60, 90 and 120 minutes for EABCJ and 90 and 120 for EEBCJ. EABCJ (doses 100, 150 and 300 mg / kg) in the peritonitis test showed statistically significant inhibition of leukocyte recruitment in 61.16%, 66.62% and 66.05%, and EEBCJ (doses of 100 mg / kg and 150 mg / kg) presented a reduction of 73.53% and 59.49%, respectively. Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis assay demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity of the EEBCJ and EABCJ at the concentration of 150mg / kg. Finally, the rotating rod test suggested no effect on the motor function of the animals. Thus, this research contributes to the ethno-pharmacological and phytochemical study of the C. jamacaru plant species and corroborates the use in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory.