Perspectivas sobre práticas sustentáveis na construção civil em Maceió – AL: atuação profissional

Abstract

Urban growth has had a significant impact on the environment, causing growing concern about less environmentally friendly practices. In this context, sustainable building practices that minimize the environmental impact on projects and works are fundamental to the achievement of the sustainable development goals proposed by the UN. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the main difficulties and technical barriers that engineers and architects face in choosing sustainable criteria in projects and works in Maceió, as well as identify tools that help in the internalization of sustainable theme. Therefore, indicators based on risk management standards and opportunities for construction projects and criteria adapted to the Brazilian scenario inspired by the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CDS) were researched. To investigate local specificities, the main environmental performance certifications of buildings in Brazil were researched and which had registered or certified projects in Maceió. An empirical survey was also conducted in the form of an online questionnaire (based on sustainable criteria) aimed at the public of architects and construction engineers, in order to analyze the internalization of sustainable themes in residential and commercial projects and works between 2000 and 2018. It is concluded that the higher cost of sustainable bias projects is the major challenge in applying sustainable criteria in civil construction projects and works in Maceió. It should be noted that at least half of the respondents believe that there is a lack of information or knowledge about water rationalization, energy efficiency and sustainable materials, pointing out as the main barriers to the adoption of sustainable criteria: lack of understanding of the correct choice of materials, lack of knowledge of those responsible for maintenance and operation, lack of training and qualification of designers and builders. As for the request for tools, the following stand out: information on durability and performance of sustainable materials, incentives and solutions for financing energy efficiency measures, rational use of water and renewable energy, and the need to regulate the minimum performance allowed in new construction. In this sense, public education addressing sustainable development indicators within the architecture and civil engineering academies has benefited from the internalization of sustainable themes in projects and works in Maceió.