As reformas pombalinas no Brasil e a ideia de modernização através da educação no século XVIII

Abstract

The on-screen research analyzes the attempt to modernize the educational system of the kingdom of Portugal in the eighteenth century through public instruction that until then was considered late and needed to adhere to the Enlightenment ideas that were exploding in Europe and around the world through the attempt at modernization. Given this premise, this research sought to analyze the idea of ​​modernization present in the educational reforms of the period (1759 to 1787); too understand the meaning of “modernity” or “modernization” in the context of the eighteenth century discussing the Pombaline reforms and their impact on kingdom education and its largest colony Brazil The present study is a qualitative exploratory approach with the purpose of to analyze and confront the ideas of some authors about the subject being addressed. a bibliographic research that is developed based on material already elaborated, constituted mainly from books and scientific articles. The theoretical guiding principle behind this research was Gil (1946), Casassus (1993), Castilho (2010), Teixeira and Soares (1961), Carvalho (1987), Saviani (2011), Giddens (1990), among others. These theorists were chosen based on the need for dialogue between the themes of this study: enlightenment, modernity, modernization, reforms, public education. As instruments for data collection were Several readings of books and articles related to the theme were performed. This study seeks contribute to the deepening of the history of education in Brazil since it was a colony of Kingdom of Portugal. For this modernization to take place it took courage and determination through experiences gained during his travels in Europe, by Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello appointed by King D. João V¹ as Prime Minister Marquis of Pombal who implemented his educational reforms in nineteenth-century Brazil with the expulsion of Jesuits³ in an attempt to maintain the royal absolutism of King Dom J. V Portugal from England's dependencies through education reform which would be the first step and most importantly. With the analysis underway historically it was noticeable that the Minister Marques de Pombal expelled the Jesuits who were responsible for the education of the until 1759 when the process of change began, reformed the larger studies and minors and created the royal classes, classes that served the king and no longer the church with the Jesuits, keeping the royal absolutism. A number of changes were made such as: organization of the classes, the exams for hiring the teachers who would act in these classes, the appointment of the study director who was responsible for the supervision of the classes and the functioning of the studies. All these apparatuses henceforth influenced the instruction Brazil for decades to come, regardless of local issues where each class was set up and the culture of that people, which at first caused a setback for the education of this kingdom.