A maternidade sob o olhar de adolescentes grávidas

Abstract

Adolescent pregnancy is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, and intrapsychic and psychosocial processes should be considered for a broad understanding of the situation. Some studies seek to analyze the meanings of motherhood for adolescents, and point to the correlation of pregnancy with life projects in this age group. Other studies also point to the negative impact of teenage pregnancy on schooling and labor market entry. They are also important factors of being perceived the social, familiar and with the companions / boyfriends relations that permeate the life of this public investigated. In view of the mentioned, this study had as general objective to understand and analyze how the process of development of maternity takes place among pregnant adolescents. And, as specific objectives: identify the social, historical, school, cultural, life projects and family environment of pregnant adolescents; to investigate the experience of motherhood experienced by adolescents during pregnancy. These are case studies with an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative character. Four pregnant adolescents participated in the study and the following instruments were used: form of characterization of the socioeconomic profile and of production and social reproduction; semi structured interview; and Procedure of Drawing Families with Stories. The instruments were applied in a single meeting with the participants, carried out in the residence of a teenager, in a Basic Health Unit, and in the University Hospital of Alagoas. Data analysis was performed by studying the content of the interviews and the form, as well as by the nonverbal expressions observed during the meeting with the young women. The Drawings of Families with Stories were analyzed according to the recommendations of Trinca, Tardivo and Hammer. Diverse socioeconomic characteristics were observed, but they showed the similarity where all the adolescents did not live with their companions in a house of their own and that they presented some privations in these aspects. Another aspect alerted to contexts in which the lack of incentive to educational engagement and other possibilities can also contribute to the planning and association of motherhood as a life project. With the analysis of the interview, the contents were grouped, according to the relevance identified, in four thematic categories, being: Childhood games; Relationship with family, spouse and friends; The imagined and desired baby; and life projects. Complementing the other instruments, the Stories Drawing with Families Procedure provided an understanding of significant and latent aspects of the adolescents, corroborating with the manifest contents obtained in the interviews. Finally, it was possible to conclude from this study that there was a relationship between the exercise of motherhood and the family support received, where adolescents who had a satisfactory and protective support network, from childhood, showed more availability and commitment in the maternity. However, adolescents who lived with an abusive and non- protective family environment presented difficulties in this process, attributing other meanings to the bay‟s birth. Thus, the importance of interventions for this demand is highlighted, contributing to the re-signification of painful experiences, as well as the elaboration of new qualitative and longitudinal researches, to offer a more complete panorama of the problem.