Prevalência e fatores associados aos transtornos mentais comuns em mulheres do Estado de Alagoas

Abstract

Common Mental Disorders (CMD) are non-psychotic psychiatric disorders, which includes depression and anxiety, accompanied by somatoform symptoms such as insomnia, fatigue, forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating, and irritability. The occurrence of these disorders is influenced by several socioeconomic, demographic and biological factors. It is estimated that about 25% of the adult population worldwide, including Brazil, are affected by this problem. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and the main factors associated with CMD. This study used a probabilistic sample of 3222 individuals, representative of women aged 15 to 49 years in the state of Alagoas. Through a household survey, information was obtained on socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle variables, for which structured forms were used. The classification of women according to the occurrence of CMD was based on the screening tool known as Self-Report Questionnaire - 20. The cut-off point used was 8 or more points for positive identification. The prevalence of CMD was 47.5%. After logistic regression analysis, in order to control possible confounding factors, they were found to be more likely to have CMD: women older than 35 years (PR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.03-1.19), (PR = 1.09, CI 95% 1.00 - 1.18), with up to 4 years of schooling (PR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.16 - 1.34), heads of household (PR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.03 - 1.20), need government programs to supplement the income (PR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.08 - 1.26), which used public health services (PR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.12-1.39), they became ill in the last 15 days (PR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.71-1.96), smokers (PR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.09 - 1.31) and reside in the house of taipa (RP = 1.54, 95% CI 1.29-1.85). It is possible to conclude that the state of Alagoas presents a high prevalence of CMD when compared to other Brazilian population studies, and that there are several socioeconomic factors, demographic factors and health conditions, associated to the occurrence of CMD. It is hoped that the results of this study contribute to a greater understanding of the problem and that it will reflect in the practice of planning and implementing actions directed at the mental health of women in the State of Alagoas.