A expressão das desigualdades urbanas: análise espacial da distribuição da infra-estrutura na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas

Abstract

The social inequalities in the Brazilians cities, as historical products express themselves in a heterogeneous way on territory from an arrangement of socioeconomic, structural and environmental factors, which define its quality of life, and they are related to the way as the concentration of the capital felt in the society starting from the adoption of the capitalist model. To understand the aspect of the dissimilarity in the cities, this research proposes to approach the spatial distribution from the urban infrastructure of basic sanitation (water distribution, waste management and sanitary sewer) to infer the existence of an association between the infrastructure presence and the income, and between these ones with population’s density. In order to broaden discussion, the work also explores the political, economical, ambiental and social dimensions of infrastructure in the cities, comprehended as a sum between works and actions of State’s responsibilities and as a result of public policy that have to redistribute service delivery an attend the values of social equality and democracy. According Habitat Agenda the planning systems have to integrate government actions to promote infrastructure services on the human settlements. Although, the equal urban infrastructure’s distribution in Brazilian cities, in its current precarious condition, is one of the public administration’s challenge, being then necessary the knowledge of the reality and the election of priorities in agreement with the beginning of the redistributive politics. With this fundamental, the research was applied in the urban portion of the municipal district of Maceió, capital of the state of Alagoas, area recognized as unequal in income and in infrastructure distribution; and it consisted of using, as methodological tool, the systematic and spatially analysis, in context of the techniques of geoprocessing and statistics data treatment, for measure, locate and to check the existents dissimilarity and also observe how the unequal distribution of urban infrastructure affects with a higher grade the low-incoming population. For this analysis were used data census of the year of 2000, which refer to domiciliary infrastructure and population data, organized by subjects and associated by a Geographic Information System (GIS). By utilizing a multi-criteria analysis the methodological process generate an indicative mapping showing the priority areas for public investments. Among the conclusions obtained by the accomplished analysis consists the confirmation of the existent inequality in the distribution of the income, of the population on territory and of the infrastructure in the city of Maceió, results of the historical and social development, and mainly to confirm of the relationship between the presence of the infrastructure and the income of the population.