Caracterização de águas cinzas e negras de origem residencial e análise da eficiência de reator anaeróbio com chicanas

Abstract

Given the unconditional use of the water resource for life is of paramount importance the application of means that are able to avoid waste. A building to be sustainable, must be provided with mechanisms that contribute to minimize impacts to environment from its construction to its final use, such as the utilization of alternative sources of energy and water for non potable purposes. Based on the aspects of increased consumption, the depletion of available reserves and the raise of water resources pollution, emerges the question of "the reuse of wastewater as an alternative for the use of non-potable water. To reuse, is interesting to separate the effluent, because the graywaters are suitable for reuse by low organic load and the, segregated, black waters have low volume allowing lower expenses in their treatment system. The treatment system of the present work operated with segregated wastewater, graywater was piped to a equalization tank and the black water to an anaerobic reactor with support medium, this was added after one year of starting the system. The graywater in this study did not receive effluent from the kitchen, they were directed to the black water system, along with the toilet wastewater. Activities were developed for characterization of effluents and monitoring system for 5 months. The graywater analyzed was a domestic wastewater with low quality because presenting high amount of fecal coliform. It was found so need for a disinfection process for them to adapt themselves to levels required for reuse in watering gardens. Given the environmental, cultural and economic conditions in Brazil, functionally simple solutions are processes that use “the more natural" ones, in other words, are the reactors less mechanized and easier to be constructed and operated. The anaerobic reactor (in full-scale) studied was such an example, had baffles and a resource support of green coconut shell, and this system was called Horizontal Anaerobic Reactor with Baffles (RACH). It showed good removal of settleable solids, approximately 94%. As for COD, its removal efficiency was close to 62%, this result is acceptable to an anaerobic treatment system effluent with high concentration of organic load, Therefore, the use of green coconut shell as a resource support and the performance of the RACH were feasible and satisfactory.