Ingestão de gorduras, fibras, índice e carga glicêmicos e sua associação com perfil metabólico em hipertensos de Maceió-AL

Abstract

The non-communicable diseases and disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia have high frequency in our society and are responsible for many deaths worldwide. It is known that the constituents of diet exert important influence on levels of serum lipids and glucose, and thus contribute to the genesis and complications of these recognized cardiovascular risk factors. Studies show that dietary fats exert different influences on serum lipid levels, while cholesterol, saturated fats and trans imply hypercholesterolemic effects, the additional effect of the latter to reduce HDL-C, the mono and polyunsaturated fats induce a reduction in LDL-c. Furthermore, a fat in the diet has been associated with insulin resistance, which favors hyperglycemia. Diets with a lower glycemic index and glycemic load, and diets rich in fiber, has been associated with a beneficial cardiovascular impact by contributing to the reduction in lipemia and glycemia. These possibilities were the focus of the literature review presented here. The hypertensive patients studied here, had a favorable metabolic profile to the development of cardiovascular complications, because they showed high frequency of dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, overweight / obesity and abdominal obesity. The diet of this group studied, although quantitatively adequate fat, fiber and carbohydrates in the qualitative evaluation, IG and CG revealed moderate to high that characterizes a profile that may contribute to changes in lipoprotein and glucose levels. Moreover, the positive correlation observed between dietary cholesterol and VLDL, cholesterol and TG, and was not observed with other associations of dietary lipemia and glycemia may be due to variability in nutrient intake or due to environmental and genetic factors. Therefore, it was shown that hypertensive patients had elevated cardiovascular risk due to high frequency of dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, in general, has not been checked for its association with dietary intake.