Consumo alimentar e perfil antropométrico de escolares do Ensino fundamental público e privado de Maceió, Alagoas

Abstract

The changes resulting from the nutrition transition reflected in the profile of nutrition and health of the entire population, with increasing prevalence of overweight / obesity and reducing malnutrition. Especially in children, which is a biologically vulnerable group, proper nutrition is a key factor for their growth and development take place satisfactorily, and the central role of the school environment to promote healthy dietary practices. Thus, knowing the nutritional profile of the school is fundamental to guide public policies related to its main nutritional disorders, but there are still few studies that assess the comparative school of public and private educational institutions, especially in Alagoas. This thesis aims to analyze the food consumption and students anthropometric profile of elementary school of public and private networks of Maceio. For this chapter presents a literature review, including a systematic review of the nutritional status and / or food intake of children attending public and private educational institutions. They present also an original article aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with obesity among schoolchildren, and one short report, which aimed to verify if the food offered in public schools in Maceió is in accordance with the nutritional recommendations established by PNAE. The study was cross-sectional, involving probabilistic sample of students enrolled in the fourth and fifth grades of primary school in the city of Maceió-AL. The dietary pattern was determined by the PDFQ version 3, the nutritional recommendations of the National School Feeding Programme were evaluated on the basis of Resolution 38/09 (ENDF), and anthropometric, according to the standard WHO 2007, where stunting was established by a Z score <- 2 heightfor- age index and obesity was defined by the body mass index-for-age> z-score +2. The data were submitted to bivariate and multivariate analysis according to a theoretical model established in two hierarchical levels and the association measure used was the prevalence ratio and its 95%, obtained by Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance. Associations or significant differences were assumed when p <0.05. They studied 1,510 children aged 9 and 11 years, 931 (61.6%) of the PUB and 579 (38.4%) of priv. The prevalence of obesity was 15.0%, being significantly higher in students PRIV (22.1% vs. 10.3%; OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.66; 2.76). In the crude analysis were associated with obesity, fewer household members (PR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.87), buy lunch in the school canteen (PR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1 02; 1.74), not be a beneficiary of government programs (PR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.22, 2.18), higher consumption of unhealthy foods (PR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.78) and belong to private school (PR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.66, 2.78). In the adjusted analysis, only the latter variable remained associated (PR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.44, 2.72). Among the students of public schools was lower consumption of fruits and natural juices and higher consumption of artificial juices. On the other hand, children of private network consumed proportionately more chocolate drinks, snacks and fried foods (potato, sandwiches and pizza). Most public schools showed not meet the nutritional recommendations, providing lower values than those proposed by the PNAE. Therefore, considering that the human right to adequate food is inherent in every individual and given the high prevalence of overweight found, it emphasizes the need to develop or to resize existing initiatives focused on improving the quality of life of this population monitoring.