Burguesia e proletariado: um estudo sobre as classes em O Capital – livro I

Abstract

This dissertation makes a systematization of the Marxian analysis about social classes from the immanent reading of the book first Capital. In this sense, we will demonstrate how the emergence of the fundamental classes in the capitalist mode of production, namely the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. We will see that the birth of these classes provided the necessary development of the capital, while that undermined the foundations of the old feudal regime conditions. Once society has structured itself in possession of the means of production on the one hand, and owners just their workforces on the other, the conditions existed for capitalism to expand and become the dominant mode of production. We can observe that the advent of manufacturing the consolidation of large-scale industry, the proletarian workforce was being gradually subsumed to the imperatives of capital. Once framed in the production of goods, the proletariat became responsible for production and capital appreciation of others. Inside this production mode, it fell to the bourgeoisie control the production process, while the proletariat competed reproduces capitalist relations of production. Finally, we will analyze the political guarantees to the exploitation of the workforce provided by capital through the State apparatus. Will be reviewed coercive laws enacted by the bourgeois state for the purpose of framing the proletariat needs for capital appreciation, and this legislation will highlight the change from the proletarian revolts against unreasonable exploitation of capital. Even then the capitalists, while personifications of the capital, they found alternatives to maintain capital accumulation in ascending levels. We will see that the only alternative to exploitation and domination of classes is the emancipation of work, through a revolution to restore the command of production of material wealth to the proletariat, situated by Marx as the revolutionary class of this form of sociability.