Estudo epidemiológico dos pacientes com critérios clínicos sugestivos de hantavirose no estado de Alagoas

Abstract

Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (SCPH) is a zoonotic disease of wild rodents that can be transmitted to humans from their excreta formed by aerosols. In Brazil, SCPH cases have been recorded 20 years ago, but the Northeast is due to a lower incidence of the disease. In Alagoas not yet registered case of this disease, despite the presence of rodent reservoirs of hantaviruses among species of local fauna. In order to investigate whether hantavirus infections could be occurring in Alagoas, began an active search, between 2010-2012, in health care, for cases of human disease whose clinical and laboratory criteria could be considered as a suspected case of SCPH. The aim was to describe epidemiological, clinical and laboratory of these individuals. Were held weekly screenings at health facilities, in which participants rated their hospital records to identify individuals that met the inclusion criteria. These patients was performed serology for hantavirus, and was characterized their clinical and epidemiological profile. We included 75 patients from 48 hospitals in Maceió, 11 from an outbreak of Coruripe respiratory illness and febrile, and 16 outpatients, aged 4 days to 78 years. For description of the symptom profile, while all (100%) with fever, the participants were divided into groups and, in hospitalized patients, 72.9% had muscular ache, breathlessness60.4%, and 47.9% chest pain . Already outpatient participants showed: 87.5% arthralgia, headache 81.2%, and 56.2% sore throat, while the group presented Coruripe: 81.8% sore throat, cough 72.7%, and 45.4% back pain. Of the participants, the main initial clinical suspicions were: 22.6% leptospirosis, 20% fever clarify, pneumonia 17.3%, 16% hantavirus and 16% tuberculosis, and these patients affected by outbreaks of respiratory disease and a newly cream with diffuse bilateral infiltrates characteristic of the SCPH. However, in none of 75 cases studied were found IgM antibodies to hantavirus. Memory antibodies IgGhantavirus (titers ≥ 200) were present, however, in 5 patients (6.67%), 3 of them with no history of travel outside of Alagoas. Although no cases of SCPH found, the 84% of individuals who reported contact with rodents suggest a population with a potential risk for infection. Note that due to the absence of prior notification for SCPH Alagoas, this disease is not considered in the initial suspicion of hospitalization of patients, despite the epidemiological profile compatible. Although there have been no cases of SCPH antibodies were found memory and epidemiological data suggest that the existence of the virus in our midst.