Identificação, síntese e formulação de feromônios para o controle de pragas

Abstract

The pheromones are elegant and safe tool for controlling insects and it is possible to control their populations through the manipulation of communication between them, without adversely affecting other beneficial organisms. Pheromones may be involved in various behavioral activities such as food foraging, reproduction, the warning signal in the presence of predators and as chemical defense substances. Hundreds of pheromones and semiochemicals are known and useful for monitoring the presence and abundance of insects and to protect plants against insects and animals. In Brazil, almost all of the products used for this purpose are not produced here. Progress in agriculture is not being accompanied by the provision of inputs to the farmer. With this finding work in the development of pheromones for pest control, new ways of synthesis, formulation, immobilization and controlled release. The work on the synthesis and formulation of pheromones oviposition Culex quinquefasciatus: (5RS, 6S, R)-6-acetoxy-5 hexadecanolídeo via a semi-biotechnological towards a natural source of the acid (Z)-5-hexadecenoic in "scale up" reactions for the synthesis of the pheromone, sordidina, 2,8-dioxy-1-ethyl-3 ,5,7-Trimethylbicyclo [3.2.1] octane, the pheromone of Cosmopolites sordidus in banana boy, synthesis and formulation for the components of the pheromone Metamasius hemipterus alcohols (±)-2-methyl-4-octanol, (±)-2-methyl-4-heptanol, (±)-4-methyl-5-nonanol, (±) - 5-nonanol with the use of a Grignard reaction, synthesis of the main component of the sex pheromone of the moth Tuta absoluta ethyl (3E, 8Z, 11Z) -3,8,11-tetradecatrienila. Was explored alternative semi-biotechnological to obtain materials for the synthesis of (3E, 8Z, 11Z)-6-acetoxy-5 hexadecanolídeo and sordidina, 2,8-dioxy-1-ethyl-3, 5,7 Trimethylbicyclo-[3.2.1] octane. For the controlled release of pheromone work the development and application of microporous biomaterial chitosan and crosslinked chitosan. The pheromone oviposition Culex quinquefasciatus: (5RS, 6S, R)-6-acetoxy-5 hexadecanolídeo was obtained in low yield, the sordidina, 2,8-dioxy-1-ethyl-3 ,5,7-Trimethylbicyclo [3.2 .1] octane was obtained in good yield with a change in route of obtaining an intermediary facilitating and reducing the product cost. The components of the pheromone Metamasius hemipterus, alcohols (±)-2-methyl-4-octanol, (±)-2-methyl-4-heptanol, (±)-4-methyl-5-nonanol, (±) - 5-nonanol were obtained using a Grignard reaction in high yield. Synthesis of ethyl (3E, 8Z, 11Z) -3,8,11 tetradecatrienila was performed by a conventional synthetic route. The releasing chitosan was obtained with the crosslinked chitosan was effective in the release of pheromones.