Aspectos fisiológicos e bioquímicos de Emilia coccinea (Sims) F. Don e Digitaria horizontalis Willd. submetidas à mistura de clomazone+ametrina

Abstract

Purpose of this research was to investigate physiological differences between monocots (Digitaria horizontalis) and dicots (Emilia coccinea) in function on the application of the mixture of herbicides clomazone + ametryn and its relation with mortality of these species. For this, conducted two experiments, one for each species, where was applied the herbicide mixture in four doses: 0 (water); 2.5 L. ha-1 (0.5 kg a.i ha-1 of clomazone + 0.75 kg a.i.ha-1 of ametrina) ; 5 L. ha-1 ( 1 kg a.i ha-1 of clomazone + 1.5 kg a.i ha-1 of ametrina) e 10 L. ha- 1 (2 kg a.i ha-1 of clomazone + 3 kg a.i ha-1 of ametrina), when the plants were 30 days after sowing. Physiological variables studied were levels of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence emission, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation 72 hours after the apliccation. After 25 days of the application were counted the frequency of dead plants and dry matter accumulation per plant. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and exponential or linear regression analysis. The total chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased exponentially with increasing doses of the mixture in the two species studied. The values of maximum fluorescence (Fm), maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yield (YIELD) also decreased exponentially for both species, since the minimal fluorescence (Fo) decreased linearly for both. The SOD activity decreased linearly in both species, but this decrease was more pronounced in monocots. The APX showed no significant change in its activity. The dicots showed a linear increase more pronounced in electrolyte leakage compared with the monocot. For lipid peroxidation, the species were similar to those electrolyte leakage. In relation to plant mortality, the dose of 10 L.ha-1 eliminated only 53.84% of the population of D. horizontalis while the same dose for E. coccinea eliminated 100% of the population. Given the observations, concluded that the species that suffered the greatest damage of the cell membrane was obtained more reduction in dry matter per plant and a higher percentage of mortality. And other mechanisms than those evaluated in this study may be related to increased tolerance of D. horizontalis to mixture of ametryn+clomazone.