A emancipação política em Marx

Abstract

The hereby presented research is based on the study of some of the works of the young Marx, having the purpose of elucidating the foundations of political emancipation originated in the collection of changes set forth by the bourgeois revolutions. The aforementioned works are: On the Jewish question; Critical Glosses…; Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts and The German Ideology. We seek to uncover political emancipation as mediation founded throughout the historical development of the social being in order to respond to certain social needs structured from the primary act of labor. From the State and economy that comprised feudalism, society was split, as a result of the bourgeois order, into two spheres, the public and the private one, the State and the civil society, creating a human duality expressed by the cytoen/bourgeois scission. From this very aspect, man is able to recognize his generic life through the political State as an abstract citizen opposed to his bourgeois moment. Human generality referred to the political sphere involves alienation of social forces in the State, which, once apart from civil particularisms, it contradicts private appropriation and allegedly becomes the place of collective interests. Political equality is based on social inequality, originated from the exploitative relationship established by paid employments, which leads to objectification loss not only by the producer, but by man himself when referring to objectifying his praxis. Given real inequality, political emancipation is a means by which individuals are legally free, equal and owners to observe contract market, in which people do not perceive one another as the recognition of their generic being, but, instead, as the limit of the individual achievement.