Ecologia química de Metamasius hemipterus, Rhynchophorus palmarum e Homalinotus coriaceus, e primeiro registro de Aleurodicus pseudugesii em coqueiro no Brasil

Abstract

The coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, is grown throughout the intertropical band in the world, including Brazil, especially in the Northeast. One of the factors limiting production are pests that cause damage at all stages of cultivation. Among these, we highlight the beetles (Rhynchophorus palmarum, Metamasius hemipterus and Homalinotus coriaceus) and whitefly Aleurodicus pseudogesii. Our objectives were to assess the effectiveness of some formulations of pheromone used to control M. hemipterus and R palmarum in coconut producing area, 2) extract and identify the infochemicals involved in intraspecific communication H. coriaceus (floral stalk borer coconut), 3) contribute to studies of well known pest of coconut, as well as the registration of new pests, which by chance, are attacking the coconut. The studies were conducted in the municipality of Neopolis, SE and Research Laboratory of the Natural Resources Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas. The traps containing the pheromone formulations were checked weekly. The identification of the pheromone of H. coriaceus was performed by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry GC / MS and comparison with external standard. Behavioral tests were performed by olfactometry. The specimens of whiteflies were collected and sent to the Entomology Laboratory of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro for species identification. From the results obtained in the field, the most effective treatments were: AG (pheromone + vehicle) to R. palmarum and treatments ADF (rhynchophorol +2- methyl-4-octanol + attractive food), C (2-methyl-4-heptanol), AFG (+ attractive pheromone feed + vehicle), ACF (pheromone +2- methyl-4- heptanol + food bait) and ACE (rhynchophorol +2- methyl- 4-heptanol +5- nonanol) showed more efficient for M. hemipterus during the rainy season, and BC (4-methyl-5-nonanol +2- methyl-4-heptanol) during the dry season. The analyzes of the extracts of H. coriaceus revealed the presence of four compounds: 1-Methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl) ciclobutanoetanol (grandlure I), (Z) -2 - (3,3-dimetilciclohexilideno) ethanol (grandlure II), (E) - ( 3,3-dimetilciclohexilideno) acetaldehyde (grandlure III), (Z) - (3,3-dimetilciclohexilideno) acetaldehyde (grandlure IV) identified as aggregation pheromone. During this work, we performed the first record of a whitefly species, Aleurodicus pseudogesii Martin, 2008 coconuts in Brazil.