Componentes de produção da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) e atributos químicos do solo influenciados por diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo

Abstract

Aiming (1) evaluate the effects of different systems of soil management on the components for the production of soybean cultivation maiden in consortium with Brachiaria decumbens and (2) evaluate the effects of tillage systems on chemical of a Yellow Latosol (Oxisols) cohesive dystrophic soil, cultivated with soybean in a single and intercropped system with Brachiaria decumbens in the coastal plateau of the State of Alagoas. It was developed an experiment, composed of three management systems soil, on the scheme in randomized blocks with split plot with four replications. To vachieve the first objective (Chapter I), was used a variety of Monsoy 9350 soybean in the systems: Conventional tillage of the soil, minimum cultivation and no-tillage. The following variables were evaluated: 1) culture of soybean: determination of phenological stages, analysis of macro- and micronutrients, stand of plants, diameter of the stem, plant height, first pod insertion height, number of pods per plant, number of pods containing one, two or three grains, number of grains per plant, mass of 1000 grains and productivity, 2) B. decumbens: analysis of macro and micronutrients, and accumulation of dry matter drought in five different times of sampling. In the second objective (Chapter II), the chemical attributes of a soil they were used to evaluate the systems of Soil management. The variables examined were as follows: pH, OM, P, K, Ca + Mg, H + Al, CTC, V % e m %. All data were submitted to the analysis of variance, the mean being confronted by Tukey test to 5 % of the mean possibility. In the data relating to the collection of dry B. Decumbens was performed the analysis of variance and application of regression. The results of chapter I indicate that the systems of soil management influence the stand of plants, concentrations of P, Cu, Fe and Zn in soybean Monsoy 9350; S in Brachiaria decumbens, and in the early stages of development of soybean. In chapter II, the systems of soil preparation not exerted influence on: the pH at depths of 0-1 10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. Variables pH, MO, K, Ca+Mg and V% show significant reduction of their average in terms of increased depth of sampling. The consortium soybean X Brachiaria decumbens causes statistically significant increases in levels of potassium in layers of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm.