Desenvolvimento de sensor nanoestruturado e biossensor de dsDNA determinação de substâncias de interesse biológico: nitrotirosina, ácido ascórbico e ácido úrico

Abstract

In this work we developed an electrochemical sensor modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 5-nitroindole (5-NI) for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic (AA) and uric (UA) acids in urine and serum samples and a biosensor based on dsDNA for determination of 3-nitro-L-tyrosine ethyl ester (3NO2TEE), as a biomarker of biological peroxynitration. The polymer of 5-NI was electrogenerated in situ on the carbon nanotubes deposited on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Thereafter, the aromatic nitro group, present in the molecule, was reduced, generating a hydroxylamine/nitroso redox couple, then used for detection and quantification of the analytes in the biological samples. The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrodes were studied using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry, which were used for the detection of the analytes and to obtain the kinetic parameters and the analytical characterization of the platforms. The chronoamperometric studies were performed in order to obtain more information about the redox processes between AA and the sensor, since it proved to be an electrocatalytic process. Thus, by means of graphs and Cottrell equations, it was possible to obtain values for the diffusion coefficient (DAA) and the catalytic constant (kcat) for the AA electrocatalytic oxidation. The values for DAA and kcat, determined for AA were 4.2 x10-6 cm-2 s-1 and 1.1 x 106 M-1 s-1, respectively. The platform for the detection of AA e AU showed good sensitivity and stability in urine and serum samples, with LOD of 1.9 mol L-1 for AA and 2.1 mol L-1 for UA. The analytical performance obtained for the nanostructured platform GCE/MWCNT/poly-5-NID justifies its use as a sensor for the simultaneous determination of AA and UA. Studies of 3NO2TEE in protic media (pH 4.5 acetate buffer and pH 7.4 and 10.0, in phosphate buffer) and in aprotic media (DMF/TBAPF6, 0.1 mol L-1), using Pt and glassy carbon electrodes, were necessary before the construction of the CT-DNA biosensor. The spectrolectrochemistry of 3NO2TEE, held in aprotic media was useful for rationalizing the electrochemical behavior of 3NO2TEE and intermediates generated during the reduction. For the biosensor construction, the amount of dsDNA, the conditioning time for reduction of the analyte, the pH value, on GCE, were optimized. The developed biosensor was used to determine the concentration of 3NO2TEE and showed a linear range from 60 to 320 nmol L-1 and LOD and LOQ of 58 nmol L-1 and 200 nmol L-1, respectively. These results indicate that the prepared sensor and biosensor were effective for the detection of substances with biological interest. (P.S.: some expressions out of formatting)