Aplicação da vacina meningocócica C em lactentes: comparação das reações locais entre as regiões ventroglútea e lateral da coxa

Abstract

This is a randomized clinical trial whose purpose was the comparison between local reactions caused by administration of Meningococcal C vaccine in the ventrogluteal Region with the Vast Lateral of the Thigh in infants with three months old and the aim was to describe the results of this comparison using as dependent variables local reactions pain, redness, heat and nodulation. The population consisted of infants who visited the health facilities in the city of Arapiraca to fulfill the Brazilian immunization schedule and the sample was the simple probabilistic casual, consisted of 63 children divided into two groups by randomization technique of "currency". The instruments for data collection were a form, an infrared sensor thermometer and a ruler adapted to measure flushing and nodulation. The data collection was initiated after approval by the Ethics Committee under Opinion No. 510 529/13. The data collected were organized by SPSS version 21 and the treatment program included descriptive statistical, followed by inferential statistics applying the student-teste t and Standard Deviation. The results showed that the sample followed the pattern identified by similar studies, composed by predominant infants of eutrophic female sex, on breastfeeding and current with the immunization schedule. Correlating these features with the pain variable, it was seen that none of them interfered significantly in pain intensity in both regions. Comparing the pain between the two regions during the procedure, it was seen that the pain in Vasto Lateral Thigh region was higher than that of ventrogluteal region, taking the Pain scale of NIPS as evaluation criterion. The flushing was higher in the Vasto Lateral Thigh region while the heat variation was significant in both regions. In one case nodulation appeared 24 hours after the procedure in the Vasto Lateral Thigh Region and another one nodulation in the ventrogluteal region seventy-two hours after. After the procedure the local reactions were more perceived in the Vasto Lateral Thigh region. With 24 and 72 hours later only the local temperature was 0.43 degrees above the body temperature in ventrogluteal region, variation statistically significant but not clinically significant. We conclude that the local reactions because of the application of the Meningococcal C vaccine applied in ventrogluteal region are less intense than in the Vast Lateral Thigh region, corroborating the results reported in similar studies, confirming this region as appropriate and conducive to the application of intramuscular injections in infants. This result helps to reduce the discomfort of infants in the compliance with the immunization schedule, to ratify the ventrogluteal region as an option to be included in the guidelines of the Ministry of Health.