Concentração bancária e desigualdade financeira regional: o caso do nordeste brasileiro

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to explain why the concentration of the banking in the country favors the leakage of deposits and inequality financial regional level, taking as case study region Northeast, having as theoretical approach to post-Keynesian regional economy. The process of banking concentration Brazilian wins strength from the creation of the Real Plan in 1994, with stabilization currency. Data collected in this study show that agglomeration bank occurred in most developed region, which is southeast of Brazil, at the expense of others. The post-Keynesian approach, in turn, explains this phenomenon through the strategy of banks that tend to generate higher volumes of loans in areas where they do better information, which translates into less uncertainty, and risk preference liquidity. Thus, the economically less dynamic regions and unstable suffer from insufficient supply of credit, which can be contributing to strengthening regional inequalities in the country. Thus, using survey data from the Central Bank of Brazil about the loans, deposits, number of agencies and estimates of public preferences for liquidity and banks' Northeast and in other Brazilian regions, carried out in this article, sought to measure the leakage of deposits and to highlight the inequalities financial gifts in these economies. As a result, the hypothesis validated using the methodology developed by the research agenda post-Keynesian, was that the increase in liquidity preference of banks in outlying regions like the Northeast favors strategies transfer of deposits that in concentrated banking systems, if translate into greater supply of credit in developed regions such as Southeast, which accounts for the leakage of deposits.