Cotas sociorraciais em universidades

Abstract

The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the socio-racial quota system in universities. This is not to study the legal, social or legal effectiveness of its rules, which comes to be, respectively, the ability to produce legal effects, the actual legal effects themselves and the fulfillment of its precepts by society. It aims to study the effectiveness of the quota system from the goals it intends to achieve. We want to understand if the model adopted is able to achieve its social purpose. The affirmative action programs are policies to combat discrimination, the reduction of inequality and social inclusion of minorities. The socio-racial quotas are effective if at the end they are able to turn into reality what they envision. The beneficiaries of these quotas are low-income people, especially black students. Its immediate purpose is their access to services and opportunities of which they have been historically excluded. The mediate purpose is to give economic and social ascension to racial minorities, integrating them to the state of well-being and allowing its representatives to occupy social positions to which they had always been subordinate before. If this system achieves these primary purposes, it will be possible to say that affirmative action policy was effective. It's still early for this assertion, but it is possible to evaluate their suitability through the hypothetical-deductive method, checking if the formula adopted allows it to be effective in the future or if it is destined to failure. For that, after exposing the origin and evolution of the affirmative actions, their minorities, the normative political theories that support them and the design that inspired the Brazilian model, we proceeded to study the relevant law, the legal rules that formed the program as well as the collection of information contained in the copious literature on the subject, published in statistics and iterative court decisions on the matter, including the decision of the Supreme Court that held the quota system as constitutional. At the end, worrying misconceptions, such as percentage of quotas established in excessively high standards were observed; also adoption of model that keeps people separated by race categories; election of the controversial method of straight statement where the individual is confronted by a committee to confirm their breed standard; a methodology that honors the graduating students of public education and has harmed scholarship students and underperforming students from private schools. The socio-racial quotas in universities are an exclusionary system, which discredits the low-income population who did not study high school in public schools. The affirmative action policies practiced in universities are not able to achieve the noble goals that shape it, in that the most coveted spaces will remain unattainable for the vast majority of their clientele and will be occupied by a small elite segment of education audience that is not necessarily the recipient of the program.