Efeitos ambientais da dragagem do Porto de Maceió (AL) e cenário futuro da demanda portuária

Abstract

The aim of this work was to analyze the environmental effects of sediments dredged from the Port of Maceió in 2018, as well as to project the future port demand after the dredging activities. The environmental monitoring process was carried out in three sampling campaigns (before, during and after the dredging activities), corresponding to the months of March, May and August 2018, respectively. In the three sampling campaigns, water was collected from the surface and bottom strata of the dredging areas (Port evolution basin) and for the disposal of the dredged sediments. In the field, in situ data were obtained for the parameters turbidity, dissolved oxygen, percentage of oxygenation, temperature, electrical conductivity and salinity and water transparency. In the laboratory, the collected samples were filtered to determine the suspended particulate matter and the nitrogen and phosphate series. At the end of the activities, the multiparametric data were tabulated and then compared to the acceptability values set by CONAMA Resolution No. 357 of 2005 and No. 454 of 2012 for Class 1 saline water. The concentration of particulate matter in suspension in the sampling campaigns found dynamic behavior between the strata prior to, during and after the dredging works, showing ascending values in the Porto evolution basin, in the aforementioned sampling order, while in the disposal area values were found ascending and descending, respectively. Before the dredging works, a trend predominance of the nitrogen and phosphate series between the strata was not verified, due to the fact that the dredger is not yet in operation. In the dredging campaign, the nitrogen and phosphate series on the surface and the highest values were predominant, while in August there was a predominance of the nitrogen and phosphate series at the bottom with a significant decrease in concentrations. With the exception of the phosphate series in the three sampling campaigns and the dissolved oxygen and % saturation rates, in the dredging period, the Other parameters analyzed were in accordance with the acceptability standard, both in the port's evolution basin and in the area of discard. The future scenario of post-dredging port demand until the year 2060 projects that there is an expectation of an increase in exported and imported volumes, with emphasis on derivatives of fuel liquid bulk, vegetable solid bulk and mineral solid bulk. In addition, there is perspective for new loads, which include copper slag, sulfuric acid, petroleum coke, eucalyptus and wood chips and containerized products. Regarding the docking of cruise ships, the projection is 11 attractions per year, in the trend scenario. It is Worth mentioning that a good part of the results that will be presented and detailed further on are already published in a scientific article format in a journal with an impact factor A3 (Appendix 1) according to the new updated Qualis and in an expanded summary format in the related event annals to the research line of that work (Appendix 2).