Histórias em quadrinhos: design como abordagem investigativa sobre saúde sexual e reprodutiva

Abstract

Introduction: Sex education is a guarantee supported by the normative frameworks of Brazilian education and the evolution of these devices reached maturity with the National Curricular Parameters (PCNs) until their setback with the materialization of the text of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC). The school is the citizen space par excellence for educating teenagers on issues around sexuality, as prevention and awareness are still the best ways to support young students, in the face of issues involving sexual and reproductive health, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), and unplanned pregnancy. We tried to develop an approach where students had fun and investigated the theme of sexuality, with the construction of comics (HQs). Goal: Using the Design Thinking of comics in an investigative approach so that the student can, through his elaboration, substantiate what may be important for his sexual or reproductive health. Method: This is an educational production, with a quali-quantitative approach, emphasizing the qualitative processes of the construction of comics. This was developed in the second half of 2021 until the second half of 2022, at Escola Estadual do Passo de Camaragibe - AL and applied in the Biology discipline. Two high school classes were adopted, with a total of 37 participating students. In this work, the methodological reference was the Design Thinking (DT) approach with its application and results obtained in each of its stages: Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test. The technique used to obtain qualitative data was action research and collection based on information and materials produced throughout the application. Learning experiences were quantitatively verified through pre- and post-application tests. References related to the concepts of DT, sexuality education, and comics in education were obtained from the Scielo and Google Scholar databases. Results: The stories were built through the application of Design Thinking. All stages of the DT were conceived from the perspective of teaching by investigation, where student protagonism, collaboration in collective decisions and group productions, and investigation of biological and cultural aspects in the construction of knowledge and the ludic, when creating their scripts and drawings, enabled students to develop educational resources that contributed to the understanding of sexual and reproductive health. At the end of all the stages, the students produced an e-book with the comic entitled Ramon and Júlia, which was applied in the classroom and adapted according to the evolution of the project. There was an improvement in conceptual knowledge about STIs and problems related to teenage pregnancy, as seen in the comparison of the pre-test and post-test questions. Conclusion: It is concluded that this approach is quite effective in the sex education process, as students began to reflect on issues related to sexuality that are part of their daily lives, actively and playfully recognizing the debate on promoting health education sex to achieve youth engagement, meaningful learning, and multiple skills during the process. Added the fact that the comics bring the playful aspects of everyday life and provide the reader's identification with their context, with this, greater engagement in the production of knowledge.