Democracia, criminalidade violenta e segurança pública na nova república: discutindo alguns paradoxos do Brasil contemporâneo

Abstract

This monograph seeks to establish a articulation between the Brazilian democratic project, the violent criminality and the public security in the context of the New Republic. Arguing, first, that the institutional experience of contemporary Brazil is the only one in our public life that can be described as a "political democracy", we try to establish a parallel between the gains and troubles identified in more than two decades of the called New Republic. In this reading we have identified an intriguing and paradoxical situation: the transition process and the establishment of political democracy in Brazil has developed in parallel to a huge spread of violent criminality with the registration of about a million murders, between 1979 and 2008. Presented this, as we called the "Brazilian paradox" we began to explore the ambiguities and others paradoxical points involving criminal violence, with particular attention to the issue of public security management in the context of the New Republic. Among other considerations, we identify the securitarian scope as privileged to demonstrate, in full contemporary Brazil, the existence of a certain authoritarianism socially implanted that, among other things, establishes a "blocking" to the internalization of democratic valuesand practices within the national political culture. Suggesting the crucial link between "political democracy", "rule of law " and "public order" as the main categories for the establishment of a theoretical model appropriate to the democratic project in Brazil, we discuss - from the issue of public security - that the "blockade" operated by authoritarian permanences is not complete, subsisting like counterpoint an alternative model of democratic securitarian management, based on aspects such as the statement of a fundamental right to public safety and the participation of counties in the securitarian ambit. The establishment or not of this model, we propose, is absolutely essential to the deepening or the stagnation of the democratic project in Brazil.