Análise de redes sociais e crenças sobre o preconceito e a discriminação racial no Brasil: um diálogo possível

Abstract

This work aimed to analyze the beliefs related to prejudice and racial discrimination in online social networks (RSO) in the Brazilian context, using the Social Network Analysis (ARS) method applied to Facebook's online virtual space. Prejudice and racial discrimination were investigated from the mapping and speeches produced on the Facebook page @sitemundonegro. Three studies were carried out to implement the proposed objectives. The first study supported this research by presenting a systematic review of the literature in order to understand to what extent the ARS can help the works produced by Brazilian Psychology and the study of beliefs. In this study, five databases were analyzed, using the term “social network analysis”. Then, a summary of the abstracts for the construction of the corpus was performed, submitted to the quantitative analysis of textual data with the aid of the Iramuteq software. From the descending hierarchical classification (CHD), three classes emerged: class 1, production and knowledge; class 2, research tool; and class 3, object of application. The main conclusions demonstrate that ARS is a methodology that is little used in Brazil and in Psychology productions, presenting itself as a promising and potential research area. The study of beliefs, atitudes and behavior is prevalent only in productions that study social networks on the internet, which demonstrates the dimension of this vast unexplored field. In the second study, the purpose was to produce, using the ARS application on the @sitemundonegro page on Facebook, a mapping of information about racial prejudice and discrimination that circulates in online virtual spaces, presenting an introduction to the digital research methodology in the light of Social Psychology. For this, software for the extraction (Netvizz) and visualization (Gephi) of data in RSO were applied, based on the ARS and the metrics in-degree, out-degree, closeness and betweness. The main conclusions demonstrated that the RSO make up the center of online activities, increasing the potential for human connections while favoring the dominance of large technological companies and their economic interests, facilitating the manipulation of the social fabric through algorithmic tools. With the mapping of the network, it was possible to evidence na increase in dialogue regarding the theme of prejudice and racial discrimination. The interaction between pages was able to form a privileged field of visibility and redefinition of blacks in Brazil, strengthening black identity and producing new subjectivities through relationships with other black individuals. The latest study produced a survey of the speeches produced from the ARS applied to the online virtual spaces of the @sitemundonegro page on Facebook. The data were collected using the Netvizz software and transformed into a textual corpus to be analyzed by the Iramuteq software. From the Descending Hierarchical Classification (CHD), 2 classes emerged: class 1, attitudes and behaviors to face racial prejudice and class 2, visibility and reframing of black people. The main conclusions indicated that the presence of racist beliefs on Facebook, however, with a subtle, veiled, cordial and Brazilian practice. The phenomenon of netativism demonstrated the increasing participation and involvement of users in social mobilizations in the online space as an attempt to search for social justice and to confront prejudice and racial discrimination in the digital interface. There was also the strengthening and valorization of the social identity of blacks to the media that legitimized the confrontation of the culture of money laundering and exposed the beliefs of the myth of racial democracy. The results of this dissertation are unprecedented in Brazilian literature and can contribute to the study of beliefs related to prejudice and racial discrimination in cyberspace, and also, with digital research methods in RSO.