Processo de urbanização em área de bacia endorreica : caracterização dos padrões de ocupação dos espaços construídos e dos espaços livres de construção em Maceió AL

Abstract

This dissertation examines the influence of urbanization on urban drainage and rainwater management. This is a study focusing on the endorheic basin located north of the plateau of the city of Maceió-AL. This basin has the function to recharge underground aquifers used for water supply. Since the twentieth century, Maceió-AL is growing rapidly through urban peripheral areas, especially on the part of the plateau. The growth of the waterproofing, with the construction of housing, unbalanced the basin hydrological cycle and impaired endorheic infiltration of rainwater. The urban growth has caused flooding because of non-efficient urban drainage system. The urbanization of the basin endorheic is not compatible with their environmental needs, this is your main problem. There is a hypothesis of two sides: one hand, the pattern of occupation in the built environment causes damage because it is horizontal with large impermeable area; on the other hand, the not built spaces are many and help the water cycle because they can be used for rainwater management, reducing the flooding. The main goal of research is to analyze the relationship between the pattern of occupation in the built environment and on not built spaces and implications for drainage and rainwater management of basin endorheic. Four steps were used to research: (i) document review and bibliography; (ii) data gathering; (iii) organization of information collected; (iv) suggestion of preliminary solutions. The results indicated that occupancy rates in the built environment are high and reach 100% in most homes, because of new buildings and retreat waterproofed. The spaces not built are underutilized, there is little vegetation and few community facilities moreover there is a tendency to occupation by new construction. It was concluded that the basin endorheic needs a kind of construction with low occupancy rates, with not built spaces and permeable, which facilitates the recharge of aquifers through rainwater management.