Clima e arquitetura habitacional em Alagoas: estratégias bioclimáticas para Maceió, Palmeira dos Índios e Pão de Açúcar.

Abstract

In Brazil, the lack of meteorological data is an issue in order to apply a bioclimatic approach for building design. As one of the consequences, designers frequently apply general climate data from one region to another rather than specific data for design strategies purposes. However, this general climate data not necessarily represent accurately microclimatic conditions for different cities even when they are part of the same region. Facing this, this work discusses design strategies for bioclimatic housing in Maceió, Palmeira dos Índios and Pão de Açúcar, located in different geographical mesoregions in Alagoas, in order to adapt to local climate, to thermal comfort, energy efficiency and sustainability of the living space. The methodological steps were: choice of cities, field research, meteorological data evaluation and buildings design recommendations discussion. Meteorological data for approximately ten years was used, obtained from INMET (National Institute of Meteorology) and processed by statistical analysis and the methods of Test Reference Year (TRY) and Project Typical Day. The results showed that there are differences between the cities, especially about annual temperature range, precipitation and direction of winds. The main bioclimatic strategies recommended were: shading, ventilation and protection from rain for Maceió; shading, ventilation, protection from rain and high-mass in daily use rooms for Palmeira dos Índios and shading, ventilation, high-mass in daily use rooms and evaporative cooling for Pão de Açúcar. Besides that, inconsistencies between the recommendations made by the NBR 15220-3 for cities and the data analyzed were found.