Caracterização climática da cidade de Maceió como subsídio a decisões de planejamento.

Abstract

Knowledge on climate change in the city is an instrument which can help with the understanding of urban environmental questions as well as with decision making in cities planning. Therefore the present work characterizes the city of Maceió according to climatic principles, so that the information obtained can help with future architectural and urban interventions and that the climatic criteria is incorporated to the city planning, contributing to a better quality of life of its citizens. In this sense, topography, soil usage, soil occupation, buildings height and green areas maps were elaborated, allied to the analysis of bioclimatizing attributes of the urban form. The result of the analysis of the aforementioned attributes verifies the influence of the urban area on the thermal and dynamic characteristics of the place. In great part of Maceió the urban conformity is responsible for transformations on the thermal quality of its external spaces, due to the alterations caused by the excess of soil impermeabilization, increase of built-on surfaces and wind regime alteration. The portions located in lower quotas in relation to the sea level, like the coastal and lagoon plain, present potentially unfavorable building density and climate conditions if compared to higher parts of the city, for they hold its initial population nuclei , where urban conformity is at times marked by the low porosity of the urban grid. The diversity in soil use, the predominance of urban nuclei with uniform height edifications and bad distribution of green urban areas configure the urban scenario in Maceió. The production of the urban climate map and the establishment of climatically characterized zones in the city made it possible to identify which zones must be protected, preserved or improved under the climatic viewpoint. The comparison between the macrozoning established by the Director Plan of Maceió for soil use and occupation with the climate zoning proposed by the present work, showed a clear difficulty concerning the articulation between urban legislations which determine the soil occupation in the city and its climate conditioners. In order to help with the decision making involved in urban planning, a few guidelines have been created. Those include aspects related to the climate quality in the urban space, as they are little explored in the urban legislation of Maceió. The research confirms the importance of incorporating climate information to the planning of Maceió, considering the possible damages that can be caused by the present model of soil occupation. In the same way, the results can be used in the occupation planning of new and old areas of the city, so that they answer positively to the local climate characteristics.