Proteção passiva contra incêndio em edificações escolares de médio porte e baixa altura: análise no projeto espaço educativo urbano de 12 salas

Abstract

The design stage is extremely important with regard to passive fire protection, because the solutions adopted at this stage echo and influence the others. This requires a consistent basis of knowledge on the subject, so that this process happens naturally and so the architect will apply not only to the fulfillment of legal requirements but also to be able to conduct the project ensure protection and cover possible shortcomings in regulations. The theme is also relevant with regard to school equipment, which has great social and cultural relevance of a place. In view of these issues, this Master's thesis aims to identify and verify the legal and design aspects associated with passive fire protection that should be used in medium and low-rise school buildings; through deepening, discussion, critical analysis, and application in object of study, which consists of the 12-room Urban Education Area, a standard project of the National Fund for Education Development - FNDE. The procedures adopted were based on a bibliographical and documentary research based on a quantitative-qualitative technique, through the establishment of parameters for compliance with criteria related to passive fire protection in school buildings, through a disciplinary project analysis instrument, and calculation and synthesis of existing legislation. Finally, the method was applied in the object of study, for its better understanding and observance. It was noticed that the analyzed object partially fulfilled the criteria required in the normatives addressed. It was understood, with this dissertation, that the decisions for passive protection measures need to be defined still in the development phase of the project, such as types of materials, dimensions, distances to be covered and conditions of implementation of the object; so the mastery of the passive protection aspects on the part of the architect assists in the development of a more secure project and allows its elements not only to be seen as a complementary stage for mere compliance with legislation, but that aggregate and be part of all set of the project, in a harmonic way.