Trabalho de parto prematuro: fatores de risco maternos e condições clínicas associadas

Abstract

Preterm labor is an important obstetric complication that affects 5 to 10% of pregnancies and, despite new treatments and prevention strategies, its incidence hás not diminished in recent years. Brazil occupies one of the highest rates of prematurity in the world, being among the 10 countries with the highest number of registered cases. This study aimed to relate the risk factors and the complications / complications that trigger premature labor. This is a descriptive study of a quantitative approach, performed through documentary analysis (card and pregnant card) and guided interview by semi-structured questionnaire. The study population comprised pregnant women diagnosed with preterm labor hospitalized at the maternity hospital of Professor Alberto Antunes University Hospital from June to September 2018. A total of 40 women were interviewed during this period. The research identified that of the 40 (100%), 21 (52.5%) were between 20 and 34 years old. When questioned about parity, 24 (60%) were multigested. Previous prematurity is a very relevant risk factor, 16 (40%) had obstetric history of prematurity. Regarding gestational age, 10 (25%) women were between 22 and 27 weeks of gestation, a significant injury due to the low survival rate of the neonates. Of the cases that presented some clinical condition associated with the diagnosis of PPT, UTI was the most incident intercurrent, corresponding to 27 (65%) of the cases. Through this study, it was possible to verify the most incident risk factors, which are: maternal age, previous prematurity, smoking. Associated with these factors, the outstanding intercurrence was Urinary Tract Infection, which occurred in a large part of the pregnant women. The evidence of the role of the nurse in the prenatal nursing consultation was the highlight of this importance, since it is they who attend the antenatal care during the prenatal care, and guide the issues of care with the newborn, the performance of examinations, among other procedures necessary for a good prenatal care.