Análise das variantes segmentais na fala de telejornalistas de quatro capitais brasileiras.

Abstract

This research had the objective of describing from the perceptive-auditory view point the segmental characteristics (vowels and consonants) of the TV broadcast in four brazilian capitals (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Recife and Maceió), in spontaneous and professional emission. This study was carried out in the Central Globo of Journalism Station in São Paulo - SP, Rio de Janeiro - RJ and Recife- PE, and the afiliated Rede Globo in Maceió - AL. The sample was composed by four TV broadcasters of each city researched. To evaluate the spontaneous emission, it was used conversations about the personal experiences provoking moments of informal conversation.To the professional emission, it was asked to the reporters to read a standard text, simulating the narrating style of the TV broadcast. The text structured to be read in professional emission had as objective cover the main phenomenon as potencially diferentiators of different accents. Such phenomenun could be summarized like that: a) the variations of /S/ and of /R/ pos-vocalic; b) alveolar oclusive consonant behaviour /t/ and /d/ before /i/; c) the vocalic contrast /e/ - /  / and /o/ - /  / in pretonic syllables; and, d) the optional vocalic nasality. For perceptive-auditory analyse was carried out a phonetics transcription of all material recorded using IPA. The results of this research in spontaneous emission can divide the speakers into two groups: Northeast (Recife and Maceió) and Southeast (São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro), characterizing them: the Northeast group for the use of alveolar oclusive variable - [ t] and [ d ] before / i /, for the realization of the open vowels in pretonic position and for the use of optional nasality in pretonic position. The Southeast group, for the use of palatized variable - [t] and [d] before the / i /, for the realization of the closed vowels in pretonic position and for the use of the optional nasality in tonic position. The reporters and TV presenters from Rio de Janeiro, Recife and Maceió modified their pronunciation of origin in the professional speech, but in the spontaneous emission there was a " relaxation" in keeping the broadcasting standard. The TV broadcasters from São Paulo city kept on average the segmental characteristics of the spontaneous speech and the professional speech.