Influência de medidas de conservação de energia no desempenho energético: estudo de caso de um hotel econômico de pequeno porte em Maceió-AL

Abstract

The power consumption of a lodging can represent 15% of the company's operating costs. Previous research has shown that the energy expenditure of the hotels is directly related to the infrastructure available in the establishment (for example, swimming pools, bars, restaurants, gym, among others), with the number of housing units (UH's), with floor/roof ratio area and coverage, with the category of the lodging, with the climate in which the building is inserted.However, due to market competitiveness and the need to create product differentials, hotels have diversified service infrastructures with the objective of attracting and retaining the target public, making it difficult to study the energy sector. As an exception, economic hosting facilities have minimal infrastructure services and similar architectural features to ensure affordable pricing and a comfortable environment for its target audience.In this way, this category of lodging allows the analysis of energy consumption and consequently the study of energy efficiency. The objective of this research is to identify energy conservation measures that allows the reduction of consumption in a representative hotel of the small economic category situated in the city of Maceió – AL, through the parametric analysis of the composition of the building envelope envelope.For the study development it was carried out a survey of the bibliographic reference, data collection of the sample space of the study object (small and medium-sized hotels of Maceió city), visits to the sample hotels, choice of a hotel for the case of study, post-occupation evaluation with application of questionnaires and interviews to its users and finally, computational simulation with EnergyPlus v. 8.7.0 software. The latter is a tool that allows the construction of virtual scenarios with the possibility of manipulation of environmental and construction factors. The elements listed for performing parametric analysis in the computational simulation were: absortance and transmittance of walls and roofs, solar factor of the fenestration and setpoint temperature of the air-conditioning.The choice of the hotel that served as a model for the research took into consideration its representativeness within the universe of study.The establishment has 3 floors, 39 apartments and capacity for 100 guests.The results showed that applying energy conservation measures in the roofs of the building entails a better energy saving than applying measures on the vertical surfaces of the enclosure and that as higher the external average monthly temperature, the greater energy saving potential coming from the measurements. The highest energy savings observed came from the higher cooling setpoint temperature setting of the air conditioners, with a monthly savings potential of up to 15.5%. Regarding the proposals on retrofit, it can be concluded that when modifying transmittance and absortance of walls and roofs, as well as decreasing the solar factor of the fenestrations, the maximum monthly energy saving potential observed was 9.8%.