Estrutura e crítica do ideário da defesa social nas criminologias clássica e positiva: uma abordagem sociológica

Abstract

This thesis, which is qualitative research and literature, has for its object the enunciation of the structure and performance of the critical ideas of social protection in the classical and positivist criminology. The landmark is in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, regarded as the era of penal codification, institutionalized in the context of major social, cultural, economic and political. The discourses and practices of intervention, as well as the mechanisms of repression and justification of the punitive power of institutionalized criminological these two schools were analyzed from a dual perspective, whether the reconstruction of its genesis and the critical deconstruction of its postulated supported by classical and contemporary sociological theories. Adopting such an approach allowed capturing the history, the contradictions, the social inequalities and power relations underlying the discourse of social defense and focus it as a specific form of regulation and control ideology of modern society. As it turned out, this ideology, beyond being restricted to a mere system of ideas and values, is physically implemented on devices that organize institutional consensus, regulate antagonistic interests, predispose to specific social practices and help to stabilize the ruling order.