Entre o etéreo e a matéria: a dialética do visionário na obra poética de Murilo Mendes

Abstract

The poetry of Murilo Mendes has characteristics that distinguish it in a considerable way from Brazilian poetic production. Among these characteristics stands out, especially, its capacity of, as Manuel Bandeira realized, to reconcile opposites. His friendship with Ismael Nery and the contact with his essentialist philosophy, allied to the poet's adherence to Catholicism, contributed to this peculiarity of murilian poetry. since in this poetry both essentialism and Christian faith are put in close contact with materialistic impulses. This study intends to construct a reading bias of the poetic work of Murilo Mendes that takes into account the influence of both essentialism and religiosity, as well as the intimate contact with the material world in its verses, which is explicitly and implicitly evidenced in its work. The approach and the clash between these two tendencies - which have bases in the antagonistic materialistic and idealistic traditions of philosophy - in murilian poetry is even responsible for its contrasting aspect. This aspect selects the dialectical materialism, elaborated by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, as the philosophical perspective closest to the vision of the murilian poems. It is through this perspective that this work constructs the category of the visionary dialectic, also validated by the contributions of Merquior, who named the aesthetics of the poetry of Murilo Mendes as poetic of the visionary. Considering reality as an instance composed of contradictions, transformations and constant movement, the dialectic of the visionary transposes for the poetry of Murilo Mendes the dialectical logic of material reality. It is also a category that considers the influence of surrealism on murilian work as a way of aesthetically reproducing this logic, which happens in the fusion between subjectivity (dream, unconscious) and objectivity (material reality).