Análise espaço-temporal da estrutura e fenologia da espécie Byrsonima gardneriana A. Juss em área de caatinga no semiárido alagoano

Abstract

The semi-arid region is characterized by climatic conditions and important soil for variability in Caatinga area ally with the topography and vegetation that require specific knowledge for its management, being important to understand the dynamics of native species to Caatinga and the factors that influence development This study aimed to perform a spatial and temporal analysis of the structure and phenology of species Byrsonima gardneriana A. Juss (Murici) in Caatinga area in the semiarid region of Alagoas. The survey was conducted from May 2015 to April 2016. Each area where was implemented the experiment gives a total of 1 ha of native Caatinga where evaluations were made of the phenological cycle of the species B. gardneriana qualitatively with readings conducted in every two weeks during the rainy season and dry season, in 15 plots of 10 x 10 m at random in 12 seasons of evaluation, for monitoring of phenological phases: floral 1-button, 2-flowers in anthesis, 3-fruit senescence-4, 5-and 6-budding abortion. In places where readings of phenophases were made, soil samples were collected in two areas of natural vegetation to relate to spatial distribution of the species B. gardneriana with soil and climatic conditions. Samples were collected in the area at a depth of 0-10 cm to perform the physical and chemical analysis. In each area were conducted monthly measurements of carbon, organic matter and soil water content, and collection of rainfall and soil temperature to correlate with the occurrence of phenological phases, as well as mapping the spatial distribution of the matrix B. gardneriana using QGIS software in function of these variables, by plotting the points of each plant using GPS. It was utilized traditional geostatistics and statistics for the data analysis of the phenological phases, carbon, organic matter, soil temperature and soil water content, which were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Phenophases bud, flowers in anthesis, fruits, and senescence budding species Byrsonima gardneriana A. Juss occur in sync with the distribution of pulses of rainfall and soil water content; The senescence of leaves of B. gardneriana happens when interpulse of rainfall intensify; During the dry season, the flower uds, flowers blooming and fruit of B. gardneriana enter abortion phase because of high temperatures, low rainfall and low soil water content, also by registering abortion of these phenophases in months with occurrence of interpulse precipitation; During the experimental period in Olho D'Água do Casado, even with low rainfall has record of phenophases bud, flowers blooming and fruit in periods (from May to August and January to April), budding (June-August and October-April) , senescence (July-January and April). In Delmiro Gouveia, phenophases bud were recorded in the period (May to September and March-April), flowers in anthesis (May-July and March-April), fruits (May-September and January-April), budding (June-August and from October to April) and senescence (July-January and April); The phenophases abortion of flower buds, flowers blooming and fruit is recorded during all months of observation in the two experimental areas; The high carbon content and organic matter in the experimental areas confirm the condition of preserved environments, favouring the development of B gardneriana, especially when there is good soil and climatic conditions; B. gardneriana presents a tendency to aggregation, with greater occurrence in the plots with presence of flagstones and / or rocky outcrop, regardless of the experimental areas.