A proposta de salvaguarda dos das Unidades Especiais de Preservação (UEPs) de Maceió : uma avaliação após 11 anos de instituição do instrumento urbanístico

Abstract

This thesis discusses the preservation of the built cultural heritage in Maceió-AL by means of an urbanistic instrument - Law 5.486 / 05 -, which established the Master Plan of the city (PDM). The PDM listed as Unidades Especiais de Preservação (UEPs) 56 isolated properties located in different parts of the city. The list of UEPs consists of buildings of historical, architectural and symbolic value, and includes examples of diverse architectural styles, such as the eclectic and the modern. The patrimonial protection through the Master Plan is not equivalent to the instrument of "tombamento" (listing), but resembles it, because it imposes conditions of conservation of the real estate and brings some incentives and penalties to the owners of the properties. This protection through the Master Plan also forces the municipal government to listen to the population in the choice of properties to be preserved, since the process of elaborating the Master Plan must occur with popular participation. However, in the case under study, what is perceived is that some specimens are abandoned, uncharacterized, and that, in general, the population does not have a relation of belonging to these spaces. The main objective of the research was to investigate the concepts that determined the creation of UEPs in the urban planning legislation of Maceió and the results already obtained in the preservation of these buildings, from the creation of the instrument, in 2005, until 2016. Initially, the research sought to describe how the Brazilian Municipalities have been protecting their patrimony after the Constitution of 1988, which attributes common competence to all entities of the federation for the protection of cultural heritage. Then it was tried to define what the UEPs are and to evaluate how the process of choosing the units occurred and how, in brief, the instrument works. Finally, it was sought to evaluate the performance of the instrument by analyzing: the current state of conservation of the specimens, the occurrences of interventions in protected properties and the knowledge of the population about this form of protection. In order to elaborate the present dissertation, it was opted for the methodological procedures of bibliographic revision, documentary research, field research and thematic oral history. It was concluded that the UEP instrument is preventing the demolition of the specimens, but it is still necessary to invest in some actions so that it can promote effective protection, through the implementation of emergency actions such as: revision of legislation, creation of a legislation that can be specific to the UEPs and can encompass their specificities, special training for inspectors and the approximation/inclusion of the population from the choice process to interventions and monitoring.