Gestação nos extremos de idade reprodutiva e resultados perinatais adversos em uma maternidade escola de Maceió, Alagoas

Abstract

Gestation is a physiological being characterized by several physical and emotional transformations, which requires better monitoring by the health professionals involved, as well as family support. Gestation in adolescents and women over 35 years is becoming more frequent. In adolescence, some obstetric and/or perinatal complications can occur not only due to biological maturity, but also due to cultural and social factors, such as socioeconomic conditions, access to health services and education, among others. Women of advanced age have also become prevalent due to the professional search, financial stability, for postponing pregnancy in the search for an ideal partner. Thus, pregnancy at the extremes of reproductive life is often associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, as well as maternal and neonatal risks, usually resulting from obstetric complications. These complications can be worrying to the point of leading to maternal and/or fetal morbidity or death. Therefore, prenatal care not only aims to improve the care of pregnant women and their concepts, but has also been acting in a preventive, educational and caregiving way. Thus, in order to contribute to the deepening of this theme, this dissertation is composed of: a literature review containing information about the gestations at the extremes of reproductive age, and the adverse perinatal outcomes from these pregnancies, highlighting the prevalence of maternal mortality and neonatal morbidity and mortality, and the importance of prenatal care and an original article entitled "Gestations at the extremes of reproductive age and adverse perinatal outcomes in a school maternity in Maceió, Alagoas" a cross-sectional study conducted through the application of a standardized questionnaire to pregnant women assisted in a school maternity in Maceió containing socioeconomic, clinical and prenatal data, as well as anthropometric evaluation and data collection of newborns in the postpartum period. In this way we aimed to characterize gestations at the extremes of reproductive age, where it was observed that the adolescents presented high prevalence of anemia, low weight and insufficient gestational weight gain, and pregnant women over 35 years of age had more preexisting disease, more increased blood pressure and excess weight. And in relation to the adverse perinatal outcomes found in this study, there was a higher prevalence of cesarean deliveries, birth of preterm newborns, birth of newborns small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA), with association of these adverse outcomes with modifiable factors. Thus, in view of the data found, the study points to the need for actions that minimize risks to the mother’s and newborn’s health in gestations at the extremes of reproductive age in Maceió.