Autismo: discurso médico e discurso analítico

Abstract

This survey investigates the place of autism in the history of psychopathological disorders of childhood and stresses the autism situation in the current scenario, from the medical perspective and the from psychoanalysis perspective. In the last twenty years, the impact on the number of diagnostic of Disorder of Autism Spectrum (TEA) was increased by twenty times, these figures put the disorder in at epidemic condition, which explains the growing diversity of theories and therapeutic approaches about the disorder. This study is developed from a methodology of theoretical and qualitative research, carried out from the reading and rereading of the concepts and laws of medical science underlying the TEA, presented as medical discourse, and Lacanian psychoanalytic theories, which brought as speech analytical to understand autism. The theory of the discourse of Lacan (1969/1970) is used as the main reference of this research and Laurent assumptions (2012, 2013, 2014) based on the Lacanian foundations for understanding autism. The results of this study indicate that when autism is envisaged from the medical discourse, the psyche is reduced to the behavior and there is a concern with early diagnostic so that parents can train behaviors considered adaptive. The analytic discourse allows autistic symptoms are understood as psychic manifestations and an access road to the subject. On the one hand, this duplicity placements allows families seeking assistance to children diagnosed with ASD receive antagonistic guidelines and have difficulty understanding what is autism. On the other, the multiplicity of understanding about ASD ensures that unilateral positions do not meet the uniqueness of autism cases. Finally, our study allowed legitimize autism a plurality of understandings in a real battle.