Arquivos de opressões e resistências: o discurso sobre as expressões sexuais periféricas na tensão entre espaços públicos e privados

Abstract

This doctoral dissertation aims to analyze the discourse on oppressions and resistances materialized in the Brazilian newspaper Lampião da Esquina (1978-1981). It currently constitutes a digital archive, but back then it circulated as a privileged place for discussions and expressions of homosexuality simultaneously with the constitution of the Brazilian Homosexual Movement (MHB). This parallelism caused conflicts in public spaces with politicized agendas, insofar as homosexual subjects had/asked the floor and assumed the speech of the militancy. These conflicts were established on a markedly macho and heterosexist basis that determined the power of leadership and dominance of the front line in left-wing groups and parties. The French Discourse Analysis – specifically, Michel Pêcheux’s approach – is adopted as theoretical framework. This Discourse Theory is based on historical-dialectical materialismand articulates psychoanalytic subject and linguist basis theories, through which discursive processes materialize. This dissertation does it through the works of Pêcheux (2009, 2010, 2012 [1975, 1983]), Orlandi (1996, 2007, 2011, 2012, 2017), discourse analysts of the Group of Studies and Research Discourse and Ontology (GEDON) and other authors. Their analyses inspired retrieves and updates of the Pêcheux’s Discourse Analysis. In the context of Marxism, this research assumed an ontological reading, especially from Marx (2001, 2011), Lukács (2013) and Paulo Netto (2001, 2011). It also registers the vast bibliographic field that makes up gender and sexuality studies, under different theoretical and methodological perspectives. This dissertation adopts a materialistic orientation of sexuality studies, such as the theoretical position of consubstantiality/coextensivity about genders and sexualities, explained by Cisne-Santos (2018) and exercised by Toitio (2017) and Quinalha (2014, 2016, 2018). At the methodological level, this research takes a corpus of analysis based on the newspaper Lampião da Esquina, covering the period of circulation with cuts that express the political and subjective tensions of their respective production conditions. The study does it through the analytical devices that constitute the theoretical basis of this work. Finally, by analyzing the speeches, it was possible to understand the discursive processes that materialized the oppressive speeches against the so-called “peripheral sexual expressions” in that period, and it was feasible to reflect on the ideological production of subjective evidence of the subjects' resistance, driven by tension between the political and desire spheres. This tension, therefore, is transferred to the contradictions in the public and private spaces of enunciation of sexualities.