A religião pagã e suas influências no processo civilizatório no Egito antigo (primeira dinastia)

Abstract

The present work deals with one of the largest and most developed regions of the ancient world, with infinite traditions, with the aim of evaluating the influences of religiosity on the development of Egyptian civilization. Through a brief and pleasant trip, the gods considered pagan will be identified, their myths, religious rituals, as well as some values of the society of the time. For this, it was necessary to go back a few millennia in time and land in Egypt in a period called the New Kingdom, because it was made up of great development and prosperity. It was noticed that the gods were part of the civilizing culture of the Egyptians in such a profound way that they were directly associated with the daily life of this people, linked to the elements of nature such as water, sky, earth, life and death, and its phenomena such as the rain, fire and even in the birth of plants. This work in its development also allowed an analysis of the relationship between religion and practices in Egyptian social life. It was noticed that everything was governed by religion, including politics, through the priesthoods and the very figure of the Pharaoh, who came to be seen as a god on earth. The objective of this research was: a) to observe in the historical context the formation of Egypt as a civilization; b) analyze the peculiarities of the Egyptian religion, discussing the characteristics that identify it as a “pagan” religion, highlighting its beliefs, myths and symbolism; c) verify from the bibliography used religion as a central and civilizing element of Ancient Egypt. The methodology used was the qualitative approach based on the bibliographic review of authors' work on the subject in question. The results achieved with this research range from the reflective understanding that Egyptian culture is predominantly religious and mythological, to the understanding that, for the Egyptians, body and soul are not separated, moreover, religion and politics will always be in connection for this civilization.